Museums. Cultural Report

A museum is basically a building set aside for the acquisition, management, inquiry, presentation and educational interpretation in the aim of having scientific or traditional value.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Museums. Cultural Report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main objective of such museums is to enable the modern generation to appreciate their respective culture as well as history. Just like many other educational institutions, a museum is divided into various departments such as agriculture, science and arts. This plays a significant role when locating a certain item in the museum. Apart from the internal layout in a museum, there are some which tend to favor conservation over education and the reverse. This is mainly affected by national governing policies. There are others which are more specialized to the type of information stored in them. They include, church museum, and historical museums , among others (Miller, 1989). Some of the oldest museums include, Capitoline Museums which ranges from as back as 1471. The second oldest museum is museum which was established back in 1506. Various amendments have been made so as to enable both the scholars and the public to access these resources. Museum management is conducted under the governance of board of directors with respect to the National Governing Policies. There are both private and those that are considered as public museums. Private museums are established and managed by individuals or a group of investors while public are managed by either the government or various educational institutions (Findlen, 1989).Advertising Looking for report on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Exhibition history is generally an outline of the history of the exhibit. â€Å"It includes the name of the host institution, the title and the opening and closing of the exhibition† (Forgey, 2004, p.1). This allows easy access to these facilities from all quotas. Exhibit design is the form used to display substantial exhibits. Apart from traditional 2-D and 3-D designs and architects, audio-visual, software designs and editors supplements the display of information (Miller, 1989). However, these exhibit designs tend to vary with the type and the governance of museum. Immediately after arriving at the museum, a brief introduction of the history of the museum is given out. This may be accompanied by handouts and pamphlets for further clarification. If it is a large group, the number is divided and assigned to various tutors who in turn take the students to various locations in the museum. Each exhibition is usually accompanied by a brief history and origin. This may be orally presented by the tutor or written at the background of the showcase. Slide presentation and video presentations are also offered to enhance embark on theory from the portraits (Forgey, 20 04). When it comes to the value, there are some exhibits that tend to be more valuable than others. Historic portraits tend to be more preferred, as compared to other valuables in a museum. This is because they are limited and cannot be retrieved once they are destroyed. Over generations, people tend to treasure old items. The same principles are applied in the museum management where ancient portraits are treasured more than probably gold. Apart from portraits, museum also harbors some living things, depending on the type of museum.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Museums. Cultural Report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such living things are usually rare and face threats to become extinct. There are also precious stones which are found in museums. Such stones are also valuable and hence are treasured in any given museum. References Findlen, P. (1989). The Museum: its classical etymology and renaissance genea logy. Journal of the History of Collections, 1(1), 59–78. Forgey, B. (2004, June 19). At the Building Museum, Concrete Exemplars: FINAL Edition. The Washington Post, p. C.01 Miller, D. (1989, September 13). New museum mixes art, commerce: 2 STAR Edition. Houston Chronicle (pre-1997 Fulltext), p. 5. This report on Museums. Cultural Report was written and submitted by user Braelynn Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Owl Pellet Dissection Essays

Owl Pellet Dissection Essays Owl Pellet Dissection Essay Owl Pellet Dissection Essay Owl Pellet Dissection Doing this owl pellet dissection, I learned that owls have to eat their prey whole e because, they do not have the mechanics humans and other animals have to chew foe d. During digestion, owls digest the food by separating the meat from the bones. After this, the o WI regurgitates the remaining hard material such as the bones and anything else it can not digest . For this separation process, the meal must go into the gizzard. Once the digestible material is re moved from the gizzard, the remaining part is formed into a round pellet. Once the pellet is of armed it is pushed out of the gizzard and into the pretentiously. Here the pellet will stay for sever real hours and has to be thrown up before the owl can eat its next meal. Depending on the meal, the pellet will contain either feathers or fur, and bones. Pellets have also been found with s deeds, exoskeleton of bugs, and plant stalks. There has been occurrences where there has been foe ND nonfood items in it. Pellets may be painful for the bird, but the regurgitating process is actually very helpful for birds. This is because it is believed that coughing up the pellet actually cleans t e upper digestive system. In the dissection, the pellet contained a rat skeleton. Rats have a similar skeletal on system as humans do. The bone structures are similar to our human skeleton. Scientists SST often test on rats because their bones are so similar to ours that the scientists can experiment new products and have the ability to see how the product affects them. Depending on how the r tats are affected, it determines if the product will be tested on humans and if the product works I n the way it should or if it harms the rats. Rats are also a lot easier to get than to have people risk themselves to science.

Convert Molarity to Parts Per Million Example Problem

Convert Molarity to Parts Per Million Example Problem Molarity and parts per million (ppm) are two units of measurement used to describe the concentration of a chemical solution. One mole is equivalent to the molecular or atomic mass of the solute. Parts per million, of course, refers to the number of molecules of solute per million parts of a solution. Since both of these units of measurement are commonly referred to in chemistry, its helpful to understand how to convert from one to the other. This example problem demonstrates how to convert molarity to parts per million. Molarity to ppm Problem A solution contains Cu2 ions at a concentration of 3 x 10 -4 M. What is the Cu2 concentration in ppm? Solution ï » ¿Parts per million, or ppm, is a measure of the amount of a substance per million parts of a solution.1 ppm 1 part substance X/ 1 x 106 parts solution1 ppm 1 g X/ 1 x 106 g solution1 ppm 1 x 10-6 g X/ g solution1 ppm 1 ÃŽ ¼g X/ g solution If the solution is in water and the density of water 1 g/mL then1 ppm 1 ÃŽ ¼g X / mL solution Molarity uses moles/L, so the mL need to be converted to L1 ppm 1 ÃŽ ¼g X /( mL solution)x(1 L/1000 mL)1 ppm 1000 ÃŽ ¼g X / L solution1 ppm 1 mg X/L solution We know the molarity of the solution, which is in moles/L. We need to find mg/L. To do this, convert moles to mg.moles/L of Cu2 3 x 10-4 M From the periodic table, the  atomic mass of Cu 63.55 g/molmoles/L of Cu2 (3 x 10-4 mol x 63.55 g/mol)/Lmoles/L of Cu2 1.9 x 10-2 g/L We want mg of Cu2, somoles/L of Cu2 1.9 x 10-2 g/L x 1000 mg/1 gmoles/L of Cu2 19 mg/LIn dilute solutions 1 ppm 1 mg/L.moles/L of Cu2 19 ppm Answer:A solution with 3 x 10-4 M concentration of Cu2 ions is equivalent to 19 ppm. ppm to Molarity Conversion Example You can perform the unit conversion the other way, too. Remember, for dilute solutions, you can use the approximation that 1 ppm is 1 mg/L. Use the atomic masses from the periodic table to find the molar mass of the solute. For example, lets find the ppm concentration of chloride ions in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. A  1 M solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) has a molar mass 35.45 for chloride, which you find from looking up the atomic mass of chlorine on the periodic table and noting there is only 1 Cl ion per NaCl molecule. The mass of sodium doesnt come into play since were only looking at chloride ions for this problem.  So, you know have the relation: 35.45 gram/mole or 35.5 g/mol You either move the decimal point over one space to the left or multiply this value times 0.1 to get the number of grams in a 0.1 M solution, to give you 3.55 grams per liter for a 0.1 M NaCl solution. 3.55 g/L is the same as 3550 mg/L Since 1 mg/L is about 1 ppm: A 0.1 M solution of NaCl has a concentration of about 3550 ppm Cl ions.

Pressure to cover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pressure to cover - Essay Example The need for cover is not only in the call centers operating from India, but even in the United States, which prides itself as a nation which embraces diversity. Wherever you go, you can see instances of ordinary Americans 'covering' under pressure. That is, pretending to what they are not-pretending to be like the mainstream. According to Kenji Yoshino who writes in his article,"The Pressure to Cover" published in the New York Times of January 15, 2006, people "play down their outsider identities to blend into the mainstream." Although the laws against discrimination have become pretty strict with the enforcement of "a battery of civil Rights Laws" like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, there are still subtler forms of discrimination practised. Now entire ethnic groups or racial minorities are not targeted for discrimination, but there is still discrimination against individuals who dare to go against the mainstream. Yoshino says that individuals are forced to 'cover'. Since the existing civil rights laws do not protect individuals fully, they are forced to concede to the social demands to 'cover'. I have come across many people who try to cover. I remember I used to wear long sleeved shirts even in summer when I had an attack of eczema in my elbow when I was seven years old. I was just covering my stigma, although everybody knew about the eczema. Fortunately for me, it got cured very soon and I could wear comfortable clothes. My friend Singh who belongs to a religious sect called Sikhs, wears a turban according to the tenets of his religion, and has long hair. Although his ambition is to join the air force, he can never do so. . Sociologist Irving Goffman's 1963 book, "Stigma" provided the inspiration for Yoshino. According to Goffman, covering was practiced even by the famous like President F.D.Roosevelt. "He relates how F.D.R. stationed himself behind a desk before his advisors came in for a meeting.He was covering, playing down his disability so people would focus on his more conventionally presidential qualities." (Yoshino) Yoshino gives examples of other famous personalities who resorted to covering- Helen Keller got artificial glass eyes in place of her natural , protruding eyes, Margaret Thatcher got coaching in speaking, many famous personalities like Martin Sheen and Ben Kingsley changed their original names to Anglo-Saxon sounding names. Covering is done by people who have already admitted that they have a stigma, and make efforts to ensure that the stigma is not very noticeable. Karthikeyan told me about his own son, a little boy of six, whom the parents have named Ashwin. "I call him Ash, and my wife calls him Win. We are happy both the names sound American," he said smugly. Many non white and non Anglo Saxon ethnic groups have started giving Anglo-Saxon sounding names to their children. Almost all Chinese Americans have an English name; there are many Charlies and Jimmys in Chinatowns. It is a well known fact that many Hollywood stars have changed their names to make them more English sounding. Kirk Douglas' real name was Issur Danielovitch Demsky, and Ben Kingsley's was Krishna Bhanji. Changing their real name is also a sort of cover. When Karthikeyan introduces himself as 'Karr', he is taking refuge in a cover, he is trying to blend seamlessly into the mainstream. Citing a number of cases, Yoshino argues,"Under this rule,

Critically assess the contribution made by the 1989 UN Convention on Essay

Critically assess the contribution made by the 1989 UN Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and their Dis - Essay Example Greenpeace alerted all the likely ports which repeatedly turned away the ship. It is suspected that ship offloaded the remaining material in Indian Ocean. In November 1986, a Basel based pharmaceutical factory had a fire accident that resulted in an outflow of contaminated water into the Rhine River with some thirty tones of highly toxic material entering the river along with the contaminated water. This led to the Swiss based companies pushing for the Basel Convention so as to reverse the damage to the public relations caused by the contamination. In March 1987, a New York based ship carried 3,186 tons of solid waste and tried in vain to dump the waste in 6 U.S. states. By September 1987, the ship had traveled about 6,000 miles across Mexico, Belize and Bahamas and came back to its own base in New York without being able to unload the cargo of waste anywhere. By June 1987, the UNEP Governing Council in its 14th session brought out Cairo Guidelines and chalked out a programme to conv ene a global convention on the control of transboundary transport of hazardous waste. In June 1987, it was discovered by Greenpeace that traders in waste had tried to export more than 163,000,000 tons of waste by 1986. In August 1987-May 1988, Italian business firm sent eight thousand drums of hazardous chemical waste to a Nigerian port town mislabeling the drums as â€Å"relating to the building trade† and â€Å"residual and allied chemicals†. In their efforts to send the material back to Italy, the Nigerian factory workers experienced severe burns, nausea, vomiting blood and partial paralysis leading to Nigeria to recall its ambassador to Italy .and seized the ships to pressurize Italy to remove the wastes. After series of such incidents, by March 1989 Basel Convention was signed with Greenpeace denouncing it and Africa walking out. The U.S. opposed the ban to developing countries despite repeated requests of developing countries to impose the ban.1 Originally 116 pa rties signed the Convention which provides a global framework for transboundary movement of hazardous waste 2 It is equally concerned about the protection of global environment.3 The Single market in the EU introduced in 1993 regulates transboundary movement of goods including wastes.4 Three aims of the convention With the membership of 170 countries which do not include the U.S.A 5,the Convention’s three main aims are 1) reduction in hazardous waste generation, 2) reduced transboundary movements of hazardous waste and 3) hazardous waste management conducive to environment.6 Environmentally Sound Management (ESM) refers to treatment (management) of hazardous and other wastes in such a manner that human health and environment are protected from the adverse effects of the said wastes.7 In the context of Basel Convention, â€Å"wastes† refer to substances or objects that are disposed of, meant for disposal or those required to be disposed of, under national law. Managemen t in the context of ESM involves collection, transport and disposal of wastes including hazardous ones and the management also includes taking care of sites where the wastes are disposed. Disposal is referred to as actions contemplated under Annexure IV to the Convention document. Transboundary movem

Turn of the screw by Henry James and Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay Example for Free

Turn of the screw by Henry James and Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay What role does the corruption of innocence play in Turn of the screw by Henry James and Lord of the Flies by William Golding? In the books Lord of the Flies and Turn of the screw, the corruption of innocence is used to show how easily evil can manifest itself in children. In Lord of the Flies, a group of young children are abandoned on an island with no adult supervision. They are convinced there is a beast on the island. This is the source of the evil, which eventually causes the group to start arguing and completely split up. In Turn of the Screw, a young woman is hired to look after two young children, Miles and Flora. She is convinced she can see the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel who used to look after the children. This slowly sends the woman mad and she kills Miles, trying to prove what she sees. In both books there is a corrupting force. In Lord of the Flies, the beast represents this. The beast brings fear to the children on the island, especially the littluns. It is a focus for their fears. The parachutist, which lands at the top of the mountain, is their first real focus for the beast. At this point in the book, the boys wanted grown ups to come and sort things out for them on the island. The grown up came but cant save them, as he is dead. The boys dont know this though. The twins, who were on fire watch, saw the parachutist and immediately thought it was the beast. They ran down the mountain to tell their chief, Ralph that they had just seen the beast. As the book goes on, the beast starts to break up the society formed while they were on the island. The group splits and jack becomes the leader of the new hunting group and decides they arent going to bother about the beast. When Ralph and piggy visit Jacks end of the island, they find jack painted and garlanded, sat there like an idol. The hunters do a tribal dance. They pretend Roger is the pig and they run around in a circle around him with their spears, as they supposedly would when they were out hunting. They all chant kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill the blood! Simon comes out of the bushes, after his encounter with the Lord of the flies and is killed. His name is never mentioned, he is called the beast throughout the killing, the beast was on its knees in the centre of the circle. In The Turn of the Screw, Peter Quint is the corrupting force. Peter Quint is real; therefore the beast is just a symbol. Quints appearance is different to what the governess has seen around. She immediately knows he is not a gentleman has he is not wearing a hat. Quint is seen as the stereotypical, dominant, male figure of evil who corrupts those around him. Quint seems to have an influence on Miles. He starts doing things just to prove to the governess that he can. An example of this is when he goes outside in the middle of the night. Flora and Miles were both in on the plan. When the governess asked why he did it he said it was so she would think me-for a change- bad! Miles is rebelling, but we dont know whether this is because of Quints influence or juts because he is messing about. This is because of the narrative it is written in. We presume that Quint has corrupted Miles and Flora because they both start acting out of character. The governess believes that Flora was aware of the ghost of Miss Jessel when she appeared by the lake. Two hours ago in the gardenFlora saw. Light and dark plays a big part in the books. Day and night is a main theme throughout both books. In Lord of the Flies, the parachutist arrives at night. The darkness again and stars a figure dropping swiftly from a parachute. The significance of this coming at night is that the boys have less control over what they can do. Things are less visible at night and it makes things look a lot worse than they actually are. This shows evil has already started to corrupt the children. The children automatically think the parachutist is the beast. If the children were still at their most innocent, it wouldnt have affected them in the way that it did. They would have been more likely to check out what was on the mountain before jumping to conclusions. They would have at least waited until morning to see what was up there. Another thing related with light and dark which plays a big part in both in both the books is fire and flames. In Lord of the Flies, the boys spent a lot of time making and keeping a fire alight on top of the mountain. This is because Ralph thinks that the smoke is their way to be saved. So we must make smoke on the top of the mountain. We must make fire. Here, Ralph is taking charge. He is trying to get the boys saved. But later on in the same chapter, the fire burns a whole side of the mountain. This shows the dual power of fire. It could save them, but it could also kill. Later on in the book, after the group split, the fire is used as a more tribal thing. The boys turned to savagery. The even stole piggys glasses so they could keep the fire going after the split. This is where you can really see how much evil has corrupted the boys innocence by the way they act. When they first arrived on the island they were very diplomatic and would have at least tried to talk to solve their problem. By the end of the book, they have to creep around to get what they want. In Turn of the Screw, candles are used a lot because of the time period the book is set in. One night, the nurse goes into Miles room. We see a lapse of innocence of miles. Why, the candles out! I then cried. It was I who blew it out dear. Miles says he is trying to show the nurse what he is capable of doing. However, some people may say it is just Miles covering up for the ghost or starting to be corrupted. Miles talks to her as if he is older. He sounds quite rude. Again, here is a time when Miles is covering for the ghost by trying to show to nurse he is in control. Another theme in the books is nature and surroundings. In Turn of the Screw, the house and surrounding gardens are always where the ghosts appear. The first time we see Peter Quint, he is on top of a tower on the house. Also, the first time we see Miss Jessel is across the lake. There was an alien object in view a figure whose presence I instantly and passionately questioned. We dont know if Flora can also see the figure, but the nurse points out that all spontaneous sounds from her had dropped. This then leads us to believe that the nurse thinks Flora can see the ghost. But we arent completely sure whether she is actually being corrupted at this point, as we dont know for sure what she can see, if anything. Leon Edel said that her Turn of the Screw of pain resides in her belief that evil has come in to the lives of the innocent. This would make us think that the nurse was convinced that the children could see the ghosts, even though she has no real proof. In Lord of the Flies, nature is one of the main themes. The island is partially covered in creepers. The littluns think this is where the beast or beastie is coming from. He says in the morning it turned into them things like ropes in the trees' The older boys try to explain there is no beast, but the littluns wont believe them. It is quite ironic that later on in the book they are all scared of the beast. The beast is the evil on the island, so the first mention of the beast would be where they first started to lose their innocence. This is right at the beginning of the book, soon after they all first met up. In conclusion, the corruption of innocence plays a big role by showing how quickly the children were corrupted. And how the force of evil is corrupting the innocent children, showing the power of it. However we dont know whether it is the beast and ghosts or just what is going on in the peoples minds. William Golding once said, The only enemy of man is inside him.

Fire Ants Essay -- essays research papers

Fire Ants Fire ants have been in the United States for over sixty years, and almost every American that lives in or frequently visits the quarantined states which they inhabit has had an unpleasant run in with these troublesome critters. Inhabitants of the Southeast who have ever stood unwittingly atop a fire ant mound know that the insects are aptly named. When the ants sting it creates a sensation similar to scorching caused by a hot needle touching the skin momentarily (1. Tschinkel 474). Fire ants are native to South America and were introduced to the United States in 1928 through a port in Mobile, Alabama. The ants were stowaways hidden in soil used for ballast and in dunnage dropped off the ships once they had sailed from South America to the ports of Alabama (2. Lockley 31). The two basic species of fire ants in the United States are the are black and red, they vary in length from one eighth to one quarter inch. Black fire ants arrived first followed shortly by the infamous imported red fire ants. Black ants (Solenopsis Richteri Forel) were the first to arrive and spread slowly but steadily despite government intervention to stop them from spreading(3. Lockley 33). These black ants would spread much further then the second wave of imported ants recognized as Solenopsis Invicta Buren or red fire ants(4. Lockley 33). This second wave of ants arrived in about 1945 and spread much more rapidly and dominated the previous more passive black ant(5. Lockley 34). Homer Collins, a fire ant expert, stated that "The new invader, known as the red imported fire ant, proved more adaptive and rapidly displaced the existing imported black ant. By 1949, Solenopsis Invicta Buren were the dominant species of imported fire ant. Ants could be found in commercial ornamental-plant nurseries in the heart of the Southeast." Red ants are a particularly aggressive ant species that, like the killer bees, are rapidly spreading northward from the Southeastern United States, and have traveled as far west as Texas and as far north as North Carolina. "Experts predict that the ants may eventually reach as far west as California and as far north as Chesapeake Bay."(7. Tschinkel 474). The spread of fire ants into new areas depends on many factors: the existing level of fire ant population, climate, competition, and natural predators . In areas where other ant popul... ...ed States over sixty years ago. Even in 1997 society has not found an effective way to exterminate or control the spread of these troublesome insects. As mankind chooses to genetically experiment with species and continues to connect the remote areas of the world with faster and more efficient means of moving food and goods. Occurrences of accidental transportation of troublesome pests, bacteria, and viruses will also increase. The fire ant while costly and annoying won’t cause the absolute destruction of life as we know it. Fire ants are however a reminder that ecosystems are a delicately balanced environments with forces that keep the food chain functioning. The fire ant and the African killer bee do not have natural enemies in the Southern United States that reside in South Africa. As mankind destroys the rain forests of South America for cattle grazing, he has released things like the Hunta virus, and the Ebola virus in Africa. Both of these viruses could rapidly destroy populations. Mankind has made tremendous leaps in knowledge and technology during this century. If this use of that technology is not metered and controlled intelligently it may be the downfall of the mankind.

AT&T †An Overview Of The Existing Organization Essay

AT&T is one of the top leaders of the telecommunications industry. It is one of the largest fixed telephony providers in the US and the company also provides broadband and television services to its customers. AT&T is also the second largest mobile telephony service in US, with somewhere around 85.2 million wireless customers and 210 million overall total customers. The headquarters of the company are situated in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, USA. Randall L. Stephenson is the CEO, President and the Chairman of the company. History of AT&T The history of AT&T goes a long way in the past; it goes back to the times when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The invention of the first telephone was considered to be the foundation of the company which would later be known as AT&T Inc.   AT&T had been the only company providing the telecommunication services in the US, it can be said that it had the monopoly over the industry. (AT&T, 2010) In the year 1984 there was an agreement held between former AT&T and the US Department of Justice that the company (i.e. AT&T) would divest its local telephone operations but they will remain in control of their long distance services, R&D and manufacturing arms. The result of the agreement was the creation of SBC Communications Inc. (formerly also known as Southwestern Bell Corp). The Telecommunications Act of 1996 created drastic changes in the competitive telecommunication industry. After operating for 12 years, SBC Communications Inc. decided to go global. And it did it by acquiring Pacific Telesis Group in 1997, Southern New England Telecommunication in 1998 and then in 1999 it acquired Ameritech Corp. And finally in the 2005 SBC Communications Inc. purchased AT&T Corp. and thus the new AT&T was formed. (AT&T, 2010) In 2006 a merger was conducted between AT&T and Bellsouth. The acquisition of Bellsouth also bought in Cingular Wireless and Yellowpages.com which were actually the joint venture between these two companies. Now all these services (including the wireless ones) come under the name of AT&T. Now it has become the leaders in the telecommunication industry. The Values of AT&T AT&T values it employees, customers and suppliers a great deal, because they understand the significance of the relationship between them. The company strongly believes in working together as a team so that they are able to achieve excellence. AT&T believes that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very important; therefore CSR is integrated within the culture of the company. In 2009 the company contributed somewhere around $155 million to the community. The company strongly believes in honesty, integrity, openness and respect, due to these values the company works hard to deliver on its promise and it always does the right thing. (AT&T, 2010)

Pathological Modern Human or Evolutionary Offshoot Essay

Upon initial discovery of the skeletons at Liang Bau cave on the island of Flores in Indonesia in 2003, these enigmatic skeletons were appropriately dubbed ,†Hobbits† by Australian and Indonesian researchers because of their small stature and curious bone structure. The location of the skeletons themselves is interesting because of the remoteness of the island from the Asian continent. This leads one to wonder how these people’s ancestors came to the island in the first place close to 800,000 years ago. It is highly debated whether or not these tiny skeletons are evidence of an offshoot of one of our evolutionary ancestors or examples of modern humans with pathologies that caused the deformities. If these skeletons are proved to be a new species in our genus, it would be a profound implication since these peoples were contemporary with modern humans as recently as 13,000 years ago and may have had some interaction. A recent study indicated that these humans were indeed a new species of the genus Homo, and had distinct characteristics, such as cranial morphology that was different from modern humans with pathologies like dwarfism or microcephalism (Kubo 2013). If they are indeed a new species, it leaves open the possibility of other unknown species of the genus Homo that might have been mischaracterized as a pathological deformity. Before going into the recent evidence for Homo Floresiensis being a distinct species of Homo, I’d like to establish some information that was known about these peoples. The skeletons that were discovered had an average height usually around one meter tall, weighing about twenty kilograms, and had a lifespan of approximately thirty years of age. Evidence from archaeological sites indicates that this pupulace utilized fire, along with stone tools and weapons. One of the most astonishing facts is that these people, who would have a stature close to a three year-ol d child, worked together and planned jointly in order to hunt big-game animals like the pygmy Stegodon, which could weigh up to a thousand kilograms. Although they had brains about the size of grapefruits with capacities around 400cc; compared to the average cranial capacity of modern humans, 1350cc; thisjoint communication and planning indicates that they had high cognitive capacity despite their small endocranial volume. There is additional evidence that shows that these people also hunted Komodo Dragons, giant rodents, and lizards, along with other small game animals, like fish, frogs, birds, snakes, and tortoises (Mayell 2004). Although it is unknown how these people first arrived on the island, it is known that they arrived around eight hundred and forty thousand years ago. It is postulated that these people who first came were most likely normal sized Homo Erectus from the Asian mainland, as evidence by their high degree of prognathism, lack of chins, and heavy brow ridge (Mayell 2004). Because the skeletons of Floresiensis also shows other primitive traits in their bone morphology, an alternative theory is that they came from an even older unknown ancestor is not excluded (Ghosh 2013). It is thought that the original inhabitants of this island shrunk over a long period of time by a process called Island Dwarfing that is evident in other animal species. It is likely that over tens of thousands of years their bodies shrunk because environmental conditions favored it. And it is no wonder that this process is the likely answer, because islands typically have a limited food supply, a small amount of predators, and other animals competing for resources, which would lead to the body gradually shrinking in order to reduce the daily energy requirements. One skeptical approach to this theory is that perhaps these people came to the island already dwarfed, due to the lack of larger bodied ancestors being found. It is unfortunate that these people have not survived into the mo dern era, which would allow us to have more solid information on their daily lives and physical traits, they went extinct along with their food sources about thirteen thousand years ago due to a volcanic eruption (Mayell 2004). Although there are many people who are skeptical that these miniature skeletons are indeed a new species, there is ample evidence that would indicate that these people are indeed a whole new species in the long line of our evolutionary history. At Liang Bau limestone cave, the site of the original discovery, many stone artefacts in the forms of complex tools and weapons were found dated to around one hundred thousand years ago, associated with the Late Pleistocene era. Because of the complexity of these artefacts, some claim that they were created by modern Homo Sapiens. This claim though, is ruled out by the evidence found at Mata Menge, a sitelocated about fifty kilometers to the east. Researchers at this site have noted that there is specific similarities and apparent continuity between the stone artefacts found there and the more recent artefacts found at Liang Bau cave (Brumm 2006). The authenticity of these complex stone artefacts is demonstrated by similar older finds in the Soa Basin, at the sites of Boa Lesa, Kobatuwa, and Mata Menge, which were all dated to around eight hundred thousand years ago, all showing similarities and technological development leading towards the more recent artefacts found at Liang Bau (B rumm 2006). Aside from the stone artefacts found dated to eight hundred thousand years ago that prove that the newer stone artefacts at Liang Bau were not made by modern H. Sapiens, there is even more convincing evidence in the bones of Homo Floresiensis that indicate that they are indeed a new species that evolved separately from the rest of the Homo Erectus population. Or perhaps from an even older undocumented ancestor that was dispersed into Southeast Asia (Jungers 2009). The female Homo Floresiensis skeleton that was found, dubbed LB1, was relatively intact, and researchers have been studying her bones to find clues to her evolutionary origin. Researchers initially looked at the morphology of the three wrist bones of LB1 for clues as to her evolutionary origin, this is a good way of determining evolutionary history because modern and upper paleolithic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals all have certain exclusive features of their wrist bone morphology that is absent in other species. Because of t his, looking at the formation of the wrist bones of Homo Floresiensis allow us to get an idea of whether or not they evolved from early Sapiens and Neandertals, or from an even earlier ancestor. LB1’s wrist morphology shares primitive features that is associated with African Ape-Human clade, while absent in modern humans. When compared to the bone morphology of our more recent evolutionary ancestors, it seems to indicate that it is unlikely that some unknown pathology is responsible for these primitive features being present (Tocheri 2007). Perhaps even more convincing is the fact that modern wrist bone morphology was not evident until as recently as eight hundred thousand years ago, which was contemporary with H. Floresiensis arrival on the island; and because they lack this feature, it seems to indicate that they were from an older ancestor that was established on the island before this distinct morphology formed. The wrist bones themselves were not the only bones under scrutiny by researchers, they also looked at the feet of H. Floresiensis, and it yielded surprising information that strengthened the probability that these peoples were indeed a separate species of the genus Homo. Upon inspecting the feet morphology of LB1, it was discovered that the feet were exceptionally long relative to the tibia and femur. This trait is not evident in any hominin species, but is found in certain African apes. The combination of the unusual lower-limb proportions and primitive pedal phalanges indicate that LB1 had distinct differences in biomechanical function from modern humans, and would have had a unique kinetic motion (Jungers 2009). This, along with the wrist morphology of LB1, all seem to indicate that they evolved from an early primitive ancestor, and making it extremely unlikely that these primitive bone morphologies were all caused by pathologies or some unknown disease. Perhaps the most important evidence for H. Floresiensis as a separate species and not simply a case of repeated pathologies or diseases, is the morphology of the skull relative to know pathologies or genetic diseases. Researchers compared a virtual endocast of LB1’s brain relative to endocasts from great apes, Homo Sapiens, Homo Erectus, a human pygmy, a human microcephalic, an Australopithecus Africanus, and a Paranthropus Aethiopicus. The data derived from these comparisons concluded that LB1’s cranial morphology is not consistent with a microcephalic or a pygmy, based on its’ morphometric, allometric, and shape data; with the only similarities being a small endocranial volume (Falk 2005). More recent research done thi s year has determined that LB1’s endocranial volume is a bit higher than previously thought, now at 426 cc, compared to the previous measurement of 400 cc. This is significant because when paired with the body-to-brain ratio, it indicates that as H. Floresiensis shrunk, its’ brain scaled down to compensate for the reduction of body mass; which implies in the past H. Floresiensis brain and body was larger and could have descended from an earlier small-brained ancestor or the larger brained H. Erectus (Kubo 2013). Although the brain is still extremely small when compared to modern humans, â€Å"LB1 has frontal and temporal lobes and a lunate sulcus in a derived position, which is consistent with capabilities for higher cognitive processing† (Falk 2005). This conclusion indicates that it is a likely possibility that H. Floresiensis is a separate species, based on the fact that these bone morphologies are unlikely to occur simply from pathologies or defects, and are not consistent with modern cases of such pathologies. Also, their arrival on the island is contemporary with when modern wrist morphology was developed, and because they lack this morphology along with the standard lower-limb proportions, to me it indicates that they were evolved from an older and more primitive ancestor down our evolutionary line, and should be considered a new species. This find initially was significant because people started to research and think about the possibility that these â€Å"hobbits† were indeed a new species. And as more research was done on their bone morphology, it became even more significant because the additional research increased the probability that this was truly a new species, and not just a case of an unknown pathology or disease. The implication that this is a new species has far reaching and significant effects; it shows us that our evolutionary history was not as straightforward as we once thought, and that evolution took us through a few twists and turns to get where we are today (Ghosh 2013). This should cause archaeologists to be more open minded about our evolutionary history, and consider other undiscovered evolutionary paths we are unaware of. And maybe this being accepted as a new species will lead to the discovery of other past forms of Homo that we have overlooked as being the effects of a pathology or dis ease. I would definitely consider this one of the more interesting and important finds of the twenty-first century. Bibliography Ghosh, Pallab 2013 BBC News : Science and Environment. Web Page, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22166736, accessed May 5, 2013 Mayell, Hillary 2004 National Geographic News. Web Page, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1027_041027_homo_floresiensis.html, accessed May 5, 2013 Tocheri, Matthew 2007 The Primitive Wrist of Homo Floresiensis and Its Implications for Hominin Evolution Science 21, Vol. 317, No. 5845 : 1743-1745 Falk, Dean 2005 The Brain of LB1, Homo Floresiensis Science 8, Vol. 308, No. 5719 : 242-245 Jungers, W. L. 2009 The Foot of Homo Floresiensis Nature 459 : 81-84 Brumm, Adam 2006 Early stone technology on Flores and its implications for Homo floresiensis Nature 441 : 624-628 Kubo, Daisuke 2013 Brain size of Homo floresiensis and its evolutionary implications Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Vol. 280, No. 1760

Kick Back and Listen to these Nine Writing Podcasts

Kick Back and Listen to these Nine Writing Podcasts Morning commutes, family obligations, and to-do lists longer than your arm- sometimes finding the time to be inspired as a creative is easier said than done. But with a little clever planning, and these nine writing podcasts downloaded on to your phone or laptop, you can listen to inspiration and advice from bestselling authors in the industry without taking time out of your busy schedule.Podcasts offer a great way for busy writers to connect to outside advice in the world of publishing. Photo by Aiony Haust on Unsplash.The Creative Penn Podcast: Writing, Publishing, Book Marketing, Making A Living With Your WritingListen to PodcastThis podcast is part of The Creative Penn, a website run by Joanna Penn, who is an award-nominated, New York Times and USA Today bestselling author of thrillers. Her website has been voted in the Top 100 sites for writers by Writers Digest and new podcast episodes are posted every Monday on the site.The Creative Penn Podcast features interviews, inspiratio n and information on writing and creativity, publishing options, book marketing and creative entrepreneurship. You can subscribe on RSS, iTunes, Android, Stitcher, Spotify or YouTube, or simply access the podcast through the website.Some of the most recent episodes include titles such as:Managing a Diverse Creative Career with Tim ChizmarAttraction Marketing and Tips for Creative Business with Andre ChaperonMobile Payments, Reaching Chinese Readers, and AI for Voice with Makoto Tokudome9 Ways That Artificial Intelligence (AI) Will Disrupt Authors and the Publishing Industry in the Next 10 YearsWriting ExcusesListen to PodcastThe Writing Excuses Podcast contains episodes that vary in length between fifteen and twenty-five minutes and the tagline is a fun haiku that says Fifteen minutes long, because youre in a hurry, and were not that smart.These fast-paced episodes are produced by writers, for writers, with new episodes airing every Sunday around 6pm EST. They are produced with the goal of helping listeners become better writers by a team of industry experts who simply love to write. Even better, Season 10 is designed to be a masterclass in the process of creating a story, and walks listeners step-by-step through how to do it successfully.Some of the most recent episodes from Season 12 include titles such as:Variations on First PersonHow to Nail Character Voice in First PersonHybrid ViewpointsLiterary FictionAskALLi Self-Publishing Weekly BroadcastListen to PodcastAskALLi Self-Publishing Weekly Broadcast features advice, best practices, and tips about self-publishing provided by the Alliance of Independent Authors. Although there are a few podcasts already published on their website, beginning in August 2019, the AskALLi Self-publishing Weekly Broadcast will offer a new advice broadcast weekly. For video, check out the Facebook Live video posted every Monday, or if youd rather hear the audio version, the same broadcast is published as an audio podcast on the f ollowing Wednesday. They also feature a weekly audio interview of an Inspirational Indie Authors on Sundays.The weekly broadcast is hosted by Orna Ross, along with bestselling author Adam Croft, PublishDrives Dalma Szentply, and ALLi Communications Manager Boni Wagner-Stafford.Some of the most recent episodes include titles such as:How to Be a Productive Writer and PublisherFind Your Writing Rhythm and Balance Across Days and WeeksWhat Copyright Means for the Independent AuthorSelf-Publishing Advice Conference Highlights: How to Create the Villain Your Hero Deserves, with Sacha BlackThe Manuscript Academy PodcastListen to PodcastIf youre looking for a free podcast full of valuable information for writers, The Manuscript Academy Podcast has you covered. It features interviews with agents and editors, how-to tips, and a wealth of information for writers looking to publish across various genres. You can find the podcast, which is published weekly, on the iTunes Store by searching for M anuscript Academy and on Soundcloud at the above link.The Manuscript Academy Podcast is organized and produced by literary agent Jessica Sinsheimer and media professional Julie Kingsley. The two offer online-based conferences to provide writers with networking opportunities and manuscript support.Some of the most recent titles include:Research, Historical Novels, and Helen Gurley Brown with Park Avenue Summer Author Renee RosenGraphic Novels with Stephanie Guerdan at HarperLive Pitches, Thrillers, And A Large Emotional and Aesthetic RangeA Real Live Consultation with Agent Danielle ChiottiThe Bestseller Experiment PodcastListen to PodcastCould you write a bestseller in 52 weeks? Thats the experiment that Mark Stay and Mark Desvaux undertake as they attempt to learn about, write and publish a bestseller in that timeframe. Throughout their podcast, produced weekly, they interview important authors, agents, editors and social media experts- all with the goal of writing a bestselling no vel. Some authors on their interview list include Michael Connelly, Joanne Harris, Bryan Cranston, Ian Rankin, John Connolly, Scott Lynch, Michelle Paver, Maria Semple, and Shannon Mayer, among others.The Bestseller Experiment Podcast can be streamed through their website (see the above link), or downloaded automatically on iTunes or Podcast Addict.Some of the most recent titles include:Catherine Kirwan – Darkest DebutAn Indie Author Journey With Mike MorrisMike Shackle – Never Give Up, Never SurrenderWriting Alt. History with JDK WynekenHelping Writers Become Authors PodcastListen to PodcastHelping Writers Become Authors is the brainchild of award-winning and internationally published author K.M. Weiland. In addition to the podcast, she mentors authors through her blog, vlog, and writing how-to books. Listeners can subscribe to the Helping Writers Become Authors podcast in iTunes, or access the episodes directly by following the above link.Some of the most recent epis odes include:How to Make Your Plot a Powerful Thematic MetaphorTaking Your Writing to the Next Level: Whole-Life ArtCritique: 4 Ways to Write Gripping Internal Narrative5 Ways to Earn Your Audiences LoyaltyGrammar Girl Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing PodcastListen to PodcastIf youve looked online for tips to improve your writing, youve likely come across Grammar Girls writing. It is the alternate ego of Mignon Fogarty, founder of the Quick and Dirty Tips network and creator of Grammar Girl, which has been named one of Writers Digests 101 best websites for writers. She is also an inductee in the Podcasting Hall of Fame. In 2017, her podcast won an award for the Best Education Podcast and is an excellent resource for writers across all levels. She provides advice on grammar, punctuation, style, and more on her ad-free podcast episodes. You can also access exclusive bonus episodes, only on Stitcher Premium. Use code GRAMMAR for one free month at stitcherpremium.com/grammar.Some of the most recent episodes include:Sometimes Its Not a Bad Idea to Dumb Down Your LanguageBlue Collar, Bluestocking, and the Blue Hair Brigade. Oral Versus VerbalPresent Tense When Writing About Fiction. The Poop Emoji and EggcornsWhy There Are 9 Different Ways to Pronounce the Letter TThe Creative Writers Toolbelt PodcastListen to PodcastThe purpose of The Creative Writers Toolbelt Podcast is to offer creative writers help with various creative writing techniques. Episodes are published sporadically (sometimes bi-monthly, sometimes once a month) and include author interviews, along with tips and advice from writers, editors, academics in writing, and writing coaches.Some of the most recent episodes include:When characters go rogueThe smell of saffron; the shadow of war. Writing and publishing out of a non-Western background with Dr Pamela FernandesYour guide for the journey. The work of the sensitivity reader with Patrice Williams MarksYou are valuable just as you are. And so is your writing. A conversation with Jen LoudenBeautiful Writers PodcastListen to PodcastThe Beautiful Writers Podcast is hosted by author Linda Sivertsen (aka Book Mama) and features some of the worlds most beloved bestselling authors for monthly chats on writing, publishing, deal-making, spirituality, activism, and the art of romancing creativity. Youll find this podcast listed as one of The Motley Fools 10 Best Podcasts for Women and at the top of the literature spot on iTunes. It also features behind-the-scenes advice from agents who guide writers step-by-step through the process of finding representation for their work.Some of the most recent episodes include:Catherine Oxenberg: Rambo Princess DiariesMeg Wolitzer: Blockbuster NovelistAbby Wambach: Wisdom from the WolfpackTosca Lee: Writing the Perfect ThrillerYou can stream podcasts or download them to your favorite device to listen on-the-go. Photo by Juja Han on Unsplash.

All in One Development Project Proposal

All in One Development Project Proposal Project Proposal: Restaurant in a building or in other words all-in one building. In Malaysia, this type of building is rarely be found as people are looking for it. Most of the building in Malaysia have a single function. Background Project â€Å"Restaurant and Convention† is a place that people can eat in the building as well as having meeting or held any events. Restaurant means a business that serves food and drinks to customers in exchange for money. Normally, meals are served and be eaten in the restaurant or also can be take-out. Besides that, restaurant is a place for people to have a great time with family and friends. Convention can be define as a place for large scale of people gathering with the same and common interest. Convention may refer to; Meeting Convention: A place for individual people who meets at a certain arranged place and time in order to discuss in some common interest. Fan Convention: It is a place to hold an event for the fans of a partic ular comic book, actors, celebrities, artists, gather to participate and do programs. Some also incorporate commercial activity. Wedding Convention: Is a place where people hold a wedding ceremony at a certain arranged place and time. So this proposed project is a combination between restaurant and convention where people can dine-in and at the same time can hold any events at the Convention halls. Proposed Site Location The proposed site location is located at the beach in Malacca called Klebang Beach. This beach is one of the best attraction in Malacca where the famous Coconut Shake is located near the beach. The purpose of choosing this site not only because of the attraction, it is because it has a nice view facing the sea, always have cool breeze blowing or natural ventilation, natural lighting from the sun and etc. Besides that, it is also near the main road, called Klebang Besar road. Below is the location map of Klebang beach from the Malacca State (Map 1.1) and prop osed site of part of Klebang Beach (Map 1.2). Map 1.1 Picture above shows the location of the site at the Part of Malacca Map. Map 1.2 Picture above shows the site from the Klebang beach. Principal Reasons For Undertaking The Proposed Project The preparations for Malacca District development goals of the Malacca District Local Plan can be explained when the framework that has the details and important point for guiding the Malacca district development about five to ten years until the year of 2015, based on Vision 2020, Malacca State Government, and Ministry of Tourism and Culture.

Write 1000 word professional speech on (Saddam Hussain last minute Essay

Write 1000 word professional speech on (Saddam Hussain last minute speech to his people before executed, regretting what bad he did to them ,Kuwait, Iran and - Essay Example These assumptions seem more real. The language is kept simple. It is assumed that he speaks in Arabic, as he speaks to his countrymen. For our understanding, we may assume that it has been translated into English subsequently. The scenario is imaginary, and Saddam is shown as repenting for many of the atrocities that he has committed. An attempt is made to keep things realistic. So although he asks forgiveness from his countrymen, he is critical of the US and Western leaders, though not of Western people. Faced by death, even hardened people are known to relent. So Hussein's volte face under the circumstances need not be considered unusual. Although the speech itself is 'imaginary', and highly unlikely, it retains an aura of probability by referring to actual events in his life. I speak to you here, in the final hours of my life. I have been allowed to leave behind this message for you, which I believe that my brothers, Faisal and Hassan here, will safely deliver to you. I am not afraid. I am glad be able to leave now, as I know I leave because it is the will of Allah. I forgive all those who have harmed me; I know I have harmed many too. I hope you will forgive me for that. I have made several mistakes in my life, and if I had a chance to live it over again, I would not do the same. I now understand that violence does not lead anywhere. ... united against the American initial insidious attempts, and later on, more blatant ones to exploit us, to siphon away our wealth in the form of oil, we would not be where we are today. I regret that the Ba'athist Party murdered King Feisal in the way it did. Or that I helped out the CIA in the plot to murder Abdul Karim, the Prime Minister. We could have settled our internal struggles in a cordial manner. This was like inviting a tiger to enter our home to settle disputes between brother and brother. I was too involved in public activities, and did not give enough attention to my family. I accept full responsibility for the way my sons, Uday and Qusay ran wild, and terrorized all of you. I am also sorry that my sons-in-law, Hussain and Saddam Kamel met their death at my hands. I destroyed them, and my daughters' lives. I should have settled differences with the Ayatollah in Iran firmly but tactfully. Our countries have spent years in warfare, wasting our resources, and killing our young men, and even civilians. I have wronged my fellow men by using chemical weapons against them. I beg of Allah to forgive me-these deeds of mine. Allah is merciful! So many of my Kurd brethren have been killed; so many of my Kurd sisters are widowed because of me; so many have been orphaned at my behest. Please forgive me for this. The long war with Kuwait could have been avoided. Yes, they did not help us when we asked for help. But our need for help itself arose only because Ayatollah Khomeini and I had spent fruitless years in warfare, destroying our countries economically. I believe today that people of different faiths can and must live peacefully together. For this, we need unity among Muslim brethren. To start this, first let us have peace between the Shias and us. You are